Letter to Me

Your highschool years are finally here. You may have heard these will be the best years of your life, but I might have to disagree. Unless you are looking forward to an overload of homework every night and making sure you copy all the notes everyday so you dont fail Mrs. Pormento's weekly biology test im sure you will feel the same. I always looked forward to wednesdays, we had gym with Mrs. Moore it was almost like a free period but her health class on the other hand was dreaded by many including myself. Im sure youll enjoy some of the same classes I did,my favorite was Mr. Hanleys english class senior year. Even though we joked around and and he made us laugh most of the period he somehow found a way to get serious and get back on track. Then after our work was done he would goof off some more. The worst class would have to be history with Mr. V, just the sound of his voice telling us to turn page 1092 and do numbers 1 to 10 when we had 8 days of school left would urke my nerves an d i know majority of the class felt the same. Weekend basketball games were exciting and it was somthing to do on a friday night. Now baseball games were never to interesting to me, regardless i never understood what was going on i just never liked many of the baseball players, they had a cockiness about them that made me barely able to stand the sight of them. Throughout these years you should alway have fun and always have a clear mind and NEVER worry about the rumors the other sections girls make up about you. I always just assumed they were jealous and had nothing else better to do, you should do the same. The most important thing here is your school work. No matter what you should always try your best and do all your assignments,handing them in on time would be even better no one can afford ten points off every day its late. Looking back if i could do it all over again i wouldnt change to many things,maybe just some of the friends i had. As the days go by you grow as a person and you realize who your real friends are. Thats why i always say worry about yourself and yourself only. I say this because everyone looks out for themselves and they arent preoccupied about you and your buisness so you need to stay on top of it and make these four years as easy as possible. Each day in highschool is just another lesson, not only a math lesson that you dont understand or another boring book in english class but there life lessons that will make you a better,wiser person. These lessons will show you who you really are and help you develop into the person that you will strive to be one day. Senior year will come much sooner than later and within a blink of an eye you will be at graduation walking down St. Marys church recieving your highschool diploma. Now lets talk about four years that might be a bit more appealing,college. Everyone brags that college is so much better than highschool and how you become independent during those four years but i guess ill jus see for myself in september. Apply to more than one college, dont make the same mistake i did. Believe me youll regret it big time. One more thing take it slow with Sister Anne and try not to make her life so difficult. Try to always keep in mind that she is eighty five years old and has had it with all of us kids who dont seem to listen very well. So make the best out of these next four years and succeed.

Democracy †Essay Essay

Introduction Democracy, it is generally believed, had its roots in Ancient Athens. We know it spread its stems to most of Europe and later to parts of Asia by mid 19th century , mostly in the form of parliamentary democracy. But in the context of this paper,we are not interested in the histrocity of the idea or concept of democracy, but in the idea itself. That is to say we want to analyze the meaning of democracy and its different forms, study its efficiency (so to say), ponder over its limitations and compare it to other forms of government. Whether democracy was conceived of in Athens, Sparta or India is not a topic of interest in this paper (although there may be references to historical events in the evolution of the idea when pertinent). What does democracy mean? Democracy comes from the greek â€Å"rule of the people†. But as I searched for a definition of democracy in the course of research for this paper, a consistent defintion of it seemed to elude me. So we must examine some of these definitions and try to find a core to the idea of democracy, if there exists one. Bunch of different ideas and quotes are out thr on internet †¦put about 4-5 of them here and discuss if them from a current or historical perspective..ive written down one for u: â€Å"The right to dissent without repercussions to one’s personal well-being is the core value of Democracyâ€Å" * Nathan Sharansky Discuss quotes such as this to evaluate how these ideas are implemented in practice.. All this should take up about 500 words..  The only core value seems to be people get to elect their governement..how much of the peoples rights are respected after that greatly varies.. Forms of democracy Representative..constitutes parliamentary and liberal(most democracies are  these) Constitutional Direct Socialist Totalitarian ..discuss all thse†¦about 300 words.. A critique of democacy An illusion â€Å"There was no stone-pelting, nothing.There was no curfew †¦ They fired indiscriminately.† (http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/kashmir-burns-again-as-india-responds-to-dissent-with-violence-2045905.html). The above was said by Abdul Rashid, a Kashmiri youth whose friend was gunned down by Indian army officials for holding a peaceful, nonviolent, anti-government rally in the summer of 2010. But this was not an anomoly in the process of democracy in India. Kashmir still remains the most militarized zone in the world with about a half a million troops on active duty (for the sake of comparison, the United States had about 165,000 troops in Iraq at its peak)(i read these figures on cia.gov..i dont remember the exact link ). How is that a government for the people is killing its own citizens for holding a nonviolent demonstration? How is such a huge militarization of a province in a democracy justified? Even a basic understanding of the ideas of freedom and liber ty that democracy entails shows how abhorrent these actions are. But these things happen, not just in India, but in other developed counties like the United States (Japanese americans in 1942), where the rights of their citizens are violated just when they would want to exercise them. So one must ask, are democracies really for the people? A study of history of goverment brutality in countries like India and the United States seem to suggest otherwise. The almost forceful takeaway of land by the Indian goverment in eastern India from farmers (actions which directly led to the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency, something the current prime minister of India called â€Å"the single biggest internal security challenge ever faced by our country.†( http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-IndiaAP.html)), seem to suggest otherwise. The locking up of Japanese Americans in internment camps in 1942 by Franklin Roosevelt and the Unites States government seem to suggest otherwise. The indiscriminate shooting of  unarmed, nonviolent Kashmiri youths (some as young as 9 years old)shouting â€Å"azadi!azadi!†(â€Å"freedom!freedom!†) by Indian security officials seem to suggest otherwise. One gets the idea. So maybe people like Vilfredo Pareto and Gaetano Mosca are correct after all. The masses are always characterized by apathy and division, the powers to be by drive and unity (Femia, Joseph V. â€Å"Against the Masses†, Oxford 2001). Maybe all democracy does is shift the power scale, from domination by a despotic leader to manipulation by a democratic government. Maybe the people don’t really have much of a say after all. Maybe it’s just an illusion. Majority rule Majority always gets its way..discuss gay rights..civil rights in us..womens rights historically..religious parties like shiv sena in Mumbai..rising intolerance of secularism in india..majority rule can get tyrannical and the minority issues ignored when people get to decide resolutions to minority issues. The irrational voter â€Å"The best argument against democracy is a five minute conversation with the average voter.† – Winston Churchill Talk about how the common man is largely ignorant about serious issues and hence can vote against his/her interests..u can greatly discuss the recent midterms in us to make this point†¦basically ur sayin if we must solve economic issues we talk to economist..if we must solve environmental issues we talk to climate scientists..if we are talking abt what to teach in science class we take the consensus of scientist not what the common people of the state think (talk abt teaching creationism in schools..a lot of states in us have majority of it people wanting creationism be taught as science even though almost no scientist believe it to be science)†¦not everything should be up for a vote†¦.. Economically Ur a better person to write abt this Idealistic Show how its hard to apply democratic principles in practice†¦corrupt officials..apathetic citizens..uprisings etc.. Instable Frequent elections make the government instable†¦shitload of examples on the internet abt this.. Best we have? â€Å"It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried.†- Winston Churchill Compare democracy to other forms of governments like dictatorships, communist states, anarchist, socialist,etc..define and discuss each with respect to western liberal democracy..ive done some of it for anarchist Anarchist – Anarchists are those who advocate the absence of the state, arguing that common sense would allow people to come together in agreement to form a functional society allowing for the participants to freely develop their own sense of morality, ethics or principled behaviour. (from wikipedia). One such current society is Somalia, and it would not be hyperbole to suggest they are not doing very well. The lack of a state and police have led to nationwide lawlessness, violence and spiralled the country into utter chaos. I think Somalia really characterizes the severe consequences of not having a state and is not a direction one would want their country to go in. Giving people all the power has resulted in the most powerful and the most brutal of them to take power and the rest of people losing all freedom(ironically).

Is obesity a disease

The US. Has the largest portion sizes throughout the world, this doesn't include having seconds and third rounds of a meal. Fast food restaurants are around every corner, they have different size meals although they are all extremely close in price. Most people living in the United States have the mindset of â€Å"why not get more out of what am buying and pay the extra . 35? † With this thought, it makes consuming unhealthy food a money saver. With technological advances, children and adults spend more time on a computer, cell phone, tablet, and watching elevations rather than exercising, playing sports and going out.Nowadays, most adults rely on automobiles to get around town, to work, to school, wherever it may be. Adults have decreased their amount of walking to and from places or riding their bikes. This is everyday exercise that can prevent obesity and IS an easy option. Low income and food insecure people are vulnerable to being overweight. These people usually have lim ited access to affordable, unhealthy food. When they do have access to healthy food, it is likely that the food is more expensive than junk food being sold.Due to this, it is more likely to buy unhealthy food especially being on such a tight budget. Also, fast food is a major contributor to obesity in children and adults. There are little to no healthy fast food restaurants. Fast food is usually unhealthy, cheap and easy to get. Because of this, people will go through fast food restaurants instead of buying healthy food and going home to cook it. Low income neighborhoods have a lot fewer physical activities sources like parks or tracks than higher income neighborhoods. When sources are available, they are usually unsafe areas for children and even adults.For 16 years, lived on farm land where my grandfather owned orchards. Around me there were absolutely no physical activity sources, no where to play, and really no where to go. When moved a couple years ago, we live five minutes awa y from one park and two minutes away from another. The neighborhood live in now, there are a lot bigger houses and is more of a higher income neighborhood. Never realized this until researching obesity. Families who are low income sometimes stretch their food budgets by skipping a meal or two. This is especially common in others of low income families.Because of this, when their body does get food, it stores the food as fat because it doesn't know the next time food will come. This leads to obesity in most cases. Low income families usually have high levels of stress due to financial and emotional pressure. Some of the main causes of obesity are stress, anxiety and depression. I personally have experienced weight gain as a cause of stress and anxiety. For the longest time, I kept gaining weight which made me more anxious and even more stressed. I got medical treatment and was given medication to control my anxiety.After taking the medication I was immediately seeing weight loss and was no longer threatened by obesity. There are many more consequences Of Obesity than Only stress and anxiety. Diabetes is a main factor contributing to obesity. Others are high blood pressure, iron deficiency, early puberty, premature death, low self esteem, depression, asthma, and many more. These are some factors that although are mostly caused by obesity, are preventable. Obesity may lead to substance abuse, peer factorization, poor academic performance, and behavior problems.The definition of a disease is 1. A condition of abnormal vital function involving an structure, part or system of an organism. 2. A specific illness or disorder characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms attributable to heredity, infection, diet, or environment. Obesity fits the definition entirely, although there are ways to prevent it including lower calorie intake, smaller portions, more physical activity and better food choices. Some people may say diets and exercise fail due to their bo dy mass index (IBM). This is misleading.IBM is based on a calculation of height and eight combined. So, for example, Arnold Schwarzenegger has a very high IBM although it is all contained of muscles. One can also find people with a low IBM that have a high percentage of body fat. According to WebMD. Com, a child's total diet and activity determines a child's weight. This can include computer and video game time. On average, a typical child spends four hours a day watching television. This is not including video game or computer time. As technology becomes more common, the level of physical inactivity will keep increasing.A child's weight, in my opinion s soles based on their parents or guardians decisions. This including the amount Of time being spent playing video games, watching television, and being on the computer. Two major factor for parents or guardians to prevent their child from becoming obese is to control portion sizes, and to maintain at least two hours of physical activ ity. This can easily be done by signing up for a school sport or even taking a walk around the neighborhood. From previous observation, child obesity is caused by a parent or guardians ignorance, or failure to be there for their child.I have seen in some cases where a permissive parent will give their child what ever they please in order to keep them happy and busy while the parent gets things done like house work, cooking, cleaning, etc. This not only gives the child an idea that they're in charge and what ever they say goes, but it shows neglect and carelessness of the parent or guardian. This may contribute to a major problem as the child gets older. Modeling is one of the major ways for a child to learn. If young children see their parents or guardians eating fruits and vegetables, it is extremely likely they will too. Is obesity a disease The US. Has the largest portion sizes throughout the world, this doesn't include having seconds and third rounds of a meal. Fast food restaurants are around every corner, they have different size meals although they are all extremely close in price. Most people living in the United States have the mindset of â€Å"why not get more out of what am buying and pay the extra . 35? † With this thought, it makes consuming unhealthy food a money saver. With technological advances, children and adults spend more time on a computer, cell phone, tablet, and watching elevations rather than exercising, playing sports and going out.Nowadays, most adults rely on automobiles to get around town, to work, to school, wherever it may be. Adults have decreased their amount of walking to and from places or riding their bikes. This is everyday exercise that can prevent obesity and IS an easy option. Low income and food insecure people are vulnerable to being overweight. These people usually have lim ited access to affordable, unhealthy food. When they do have access to healthy food, it is likely that the food is more expensive than junk food being sold.Due to this, it is more likely to buy unhealthy food especially being on such a tight budget. Also, fast food is a major contributor to obesity in children and adults. There are little to no healthy fast food restaurants. Fast food is usually unhealthy, cheap and easy to get. Because of this, people will go through fast food restaurants instead of buying healthy food and going home to cook it. Low income neighborhoods have a lot fewer physical activities sources like parks or tracks than higher income neighborhoods. When sources are available, they are usually unsafe areas for children and even adults.For 16 years, lived on farm land where my grandfather owned orchards. Around me there were absolutely no physical activity sources, no where to play, and really no where to go. When moved a couple years ago, we live five minutes awa y from one park and two minutes away from another. The neighborhood live in now, there are a lot bigger houses and is more of a higher income neighborhood. Never realized this until researching obesity. Families who are low income sometimes stretch their food budgets by skipping a meal or two. This is especially common in others of low income families.Because of this, when their body does get food, it stores the food as fat because it doesn't know the next time food will come. This leads to obesity in most cases. Low income families usually have high levels of stress due to financial and emotional pressure. Some of the main causes of obesity are stress, anxiety and depression. I personally have experienced weight gain as a cause of stress and anxiety. For the longest time, I kept gaining weight which made me more anxious and even more stressed. I got medical treatment and was given medication to control my anxiety.After taking the medication I was immediately seeing weight loss and was no longer threatened by obesity. There are many more consequences Of Obesity than Only stress and anxiety. Diabetes is a main factor contributing to obesity. Others are high blood pressure, iron deficiency, early puberty, premature death, low self esteem, depression, asthma, and many more. These are some factors that although are mostly caused by obesity, are preventable. Obesity may lead to substance abuse, peer factorization, poor academic performance, and behavior problems.The definition of a disease is 1. A condition of abnormal vital function involving an structure, part or system of an organism. 2. A specific illness or disorder characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms attributable to heredity, infection, diet, or environment. Obesity fits the definition entirely, although there are ways to prevent it including lower calorie intake, smaller portions, more physical activity and better food choices. Some people may say diets and exercise fail due to their bo dy mass index (IBM). This is misleading.IBM is based on a calculation of height and eight combined. So, for example, Arnold Schwarzenegger has a very high IBM although it is all contained of muscles. One can also find people with a low IBM that have a high percentage of body fat. According to WebMD. Com, a child's total diet and activity determines a child's weight. This can include computer and video game time. On average, a typical child spends four hours a day watching television. This is not including video game or computer time. As technology becomes more common, the level of physical inactivity will keep increasing.A child's weight, in my opinion s soles based on their parents or guardians decisions. This including the amount Of time being spent playing video games, watching television, and being on the computer. Two major factor for parents or guardians to prevent their child from becoming obese is to control portion sizes, and to maintain at least two hours of physical activ ity. This can easily be done by signing up for a school sport or even taking a walk around the neighborhood. From previous observation, child obesity is caused by a parent or guardians ignorance, or failure to be there for their child.I have seen in some cases where a permissive parent will give their child what ever they please in order to keep them happy and busy while the parent gets things done like house work, cooking, cleaning, etc. This not only gives the child an idea that they're in charge and what ever they say goes, but it shows neglect and carelessness of the parent or guardian. This may contribute to a major problem as the child gets older. Modeling is one of the major ways for a child to learn. If young children see their parents or guardians eating fruits and vegetables, it is extremely likely they will too.

Designing a performance appraisal system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Designing a performance appraisal system - Essay Example While the exact nature of the goals may vary, some of the determined objectives would usually pertain to achieving a certain amount in sales, revenues and profits. There should also be measures in place to monitor and control the effectiveness and efficiency of every department. A performance appraisal system is one such management tool that would control the activities of managers, supervisors and subordinates throughout the entire organization. The task of creating and maintaining a performance appraisal system is usually one of the key tasks of the Human Resources Department and is also connected to the performance rewards and compensation system of the enterprise. Assumptions In the given scenario, I am working as an Occupational Psychologist and have been approached by a medium-sized organization called Select. The Managing Director has identified a need for a new performance appraisal system for senior and middle managers only, and he wants me to put together a proposal of how I would get this task done. The organization has 10 senior managers, 50 middle managers and 400 employees. The appraisal system will be conducted twice a year. Last appraisals using the current system were conducted one month ago. Competency frameworks are already available for the roles of senior and middle managers. ... Every organization no matter how big or small usually has a recap at least once a year in which it takes account of how well each department, division and how it as a whole has performed in terms of revenues, profits, market share, shareholder value or whatever other measure management deems as necessary and important to gauge performance (Brown, 2001). The truth is that we never know how well or badly we are doing at a certain task until we develop a measurement for it. A performance appraisal system enables us to measure how each employee, supervisor or manager is doing in the attainment of his or her objectives. In such a system, individual goals contribute to departmental goals, which in turn contribute to the overall goals of the enterprise. A performance appraisal or management system is a diverse, well thought out process that seeks to elicit cooperation from the workers in the pursuit and attainment of organizational goals, by using rewards like bonuses, increments and stock options for good performance and punishments or warnings for bad performance. In this way the manager or supervisor evaluates and lets the worker know how he or she is doing on the job (Fletcher, 2004). It has been observed that there are both positive and negative feelings about the initiation of a performance appraisal system in an organization. Employees who are not performing up to the mark and who are warned about their lackluster performance are likely to view the performance appraisal system as a nuisance and react negatively to attempts to correct undesirable behavior and put them back on track. On the other hand, employees who are exhibiting all the positive traits and performance are rewarded for their good behavior and are likely to treat the performance appraisal system as a

Role of a nurse in nutrition management of diabetic patient Literature review

Role of a nurse in nutrition management of diabetic patient - Literature review Example Its impact on the patient, with its related complications is very much costly. Its health complications also include multiple organ damage. There are various interventions for diabetes, but lifestyle modification is one of the primary forms of prevention and management for the disease. Partnered with medications, the burden of the disease is reduced and complications are prevented. Lifestyle changes include the modification of the patient’s nutrition and the increase in his physical activities. Programmes on nutrition and lifestyle changes have been generally effective in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes (Ory, Jordan, & Bazarre, 2002; Department of Health 2004) and also in fulfilling treatment objectives in the management of risk factors associated with the disease (Dusenbery, Brannigan, Falco & Hansen, 2003). Educational programmes have generally been advantageous and effective for individuals suffering from the disease, especially where they also comply with the health recommendations indicated by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). These lifestyle modifications are however diffic ult to implement for the patient especially with the major issues related to the food and diet available in the current food industry today. Foods high in cholesterol, sodium, and sugar have saturated the market, even foods which are touted by food companies as ‘healthy’ foods have components which are not healthy for the human body. Fast foods have become more affordable to the people, pushing up their mass appeal. As a result, obesity and all its related complications has become an even more common disease across different age groups and different ethnicities. The relevance of nutrition in the management of diabetes has increased. As one of the front-line healthcare givers, the role of nurses is considered very much important in disease

Products Liability Research Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Products Liability Research - Term Paper Example The case The â€Å"Toyota Motor Corporation† is a Japan-based automobile manufacturing company established in 1937, and continues to specialize in manufacturing of automobile since then. Though the headquarters of the company are in Aichi, Japan, the company operates as a multinational corporation with regional offices across the globe. Throughout the years, Toyota continues to experience growth in different aspects, and as of 2010, the corporation became the chief automobile maker in the world. The company also ranks, ninth internationally, among multinational corporations, in terms of revenue collection. The quality of the vehicles manufactured by Toyota Motor Corporation contributes significantly to the international accolades received by the company. Throughout the years the company continues to supply automobiles, for different purposes, to different consumers internationally. The client base of the corporation ranges from governments to individual consumers. Within the l ast half decade, the company has faced several product liability cases globally following detection of faults in several models of their automobiles. The lawsuits presented sought compensation for numerous consumers including large companies and individuals. The gas peddles and throttle systems in several Toyota models contained faults that led to unintended acceleration. The cases presented against Toyota were either individual or class action lawsuits seeking different forms of compensation from the company. The safety issues surrounding the lawsuits included the capability of the vehicles to accelerate more than desired by drivers. The car accelerators appeared to get trapped by the floor mat leading to the accelerators remaining pressed once an individual releases pressure on the accelerator. Unintended acceleration of these vehicle models had been associated with occurrence of fatal accidents and injuries to consumers using these vehicles. The company rectified the initial faul ts and later other faults were detected in the throttle system, also causing unintended acceleration. The company tried to recall several car models, sparking other lawsuits resulting from economic losses following recalls. The recalled models included automobiles that owners had not detected the defects leading to depreciation of these vehicle models. Owners of these automobile models instigated numerous lawsuits against the corporation for compensation. Following to the continued recalling of vehicles, the lawsuits continued between 2008 and 2010. Arguments The plaintiffs in these cases used two different approaches in seeking compensation for the damages incurred. The plaintiffs presented different lawsuits that could be classified into two categories. Personal injury lawsuits by individuals seeking remedies for injuries or deaths, supposedly incurred from the defects in Toyota automobiles and Class action lawsuits that were brought on behalf numerous groups seeking compensation for economic losses incurred following the recalls ordered by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Within the first year of beginning the lawsuits, an average of 300 lawsuits were presented against the corporation in Japan alone. The numbers of cases continued to rise in other parts of the world as recalls continued throughout the duration. Personal injury and wrongful death lawsuits These cases were

Foster Care higher education Annotated Bibliography

Foster Care higher education - Annotated Bibliography Example tudy were identified between those living under residential units under care who were expected to leave once they turn 16 and also those who are living under foster families. Primarily, the study was a look at the experiences of students in university who were in care by authorities until their age of emancipation. The focus was on how foster care can be a good motivation and exposure for the youth in foster care to aim at achieving tertiary education. This was to show that foster care under the guidance of caring families, when properly employed, could be a great way to encourage college degree completion for otherwise misdirected teens. Nevertheless, the limitation on the number of participants and the length of the study must be noted considering that the participants are diverse, ranging from those who had finished school to those who haven’t. The study involved youth who had been offered the opportunity to attain higher education in what was identified as â€Å"cohorts of university or college entrants were tracked through their university careers† divided into three groups. One group was followed a year after their graduation, the second was for up to two years, and the final one for only their first year. The interviews were conducted face-to-face for their first meeting and for another two or three other successive interviews, including through phone. These kinds of research are important especially in the United Kingdom where studies of a similar kind are not as vast and extensive as those in the United States. Further, after care higher education for these children are significantly lower than in the US. Improvements in the foster care system needs revamp in the UK especially in their wards’ educational exposure. By Degrees was the most far-reaching study of its kind in the UK at its time. Those involved through the By Degrees program mostly showed better results than others. The subjects living in residential units had limited opportunities to

Commodity Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commodity Trade - Essay Example The agreement aims at covering the bulk of the world trade in the commodity concerned and seeks to ensure corporative nature of the association. The associations also aim at safeguarding through participation, the interest of the producers and the consumers and insert provision that cater for all other entities (21). Any organization aims at implementing its provisions by carrying out specific functions that establish and strengthen their international accord. Challenges faced by the organizations International commodity agreements have been difficult to run and administer due to the current global economic crisis. There has been difficulties in the arranging and administering agreements partly due to technological problems surrounding the production and trading of products(27). The organizations have been facing the problem of conflicting interest between the importers and exporters where the importers want low quality products but of high prices. On the non-competitive imports, the importers require commodities of low prices and their respective quantity determined by demand. The international distribution of products is directly affected by government policy and the manner of trade restrictions within national bounds. Commodities transferred from the rich to the poor countries have an impact of accelerated economic impact. Large capitals are required to fulfill growth targets for the organizations and their payments are from the exchange earnings (29). For commodities that are largely produced in poor countries but consumed at the rich countries the agreement price set might be above the market levels or inelastic. These incidences give the market organizations to make negotiations with the producers who end up incurring losses or failing to strike a deal (31). The international trade organization having been facing another major challenge in the price stabilization, meant to implement support purchases. Theoretically, prices are set by the long term interli nk of the supply and demand to bring the equilibrium price and commodity. However, stabilization effect is not achieved in buffer stocks without heavy financial commitment (37). Failure to obey these, upward price fluctuations or heavy accumulation of inventories and burdensome will ultimately result. Currently (in order to reduce the risk of market volatile global markets) the international commodity trades are giving loans to the less developed countries. These loans are available to countries that have an annual shortage in annual shortage in the foreign exchange earnings due to commodity price declines. These loans are for compensatory effect to these countries (41). The compensatory financial scheme is operated strictly as a program to offset short-term market instability and global volatility. The recipient countries are to repay within five years. In order to curb the risk of volatility in the global market the terms of finances should be liberalized and the repayment made co ntingent upon recovery of the exports of a certain country (43). This makes the loan doable in all season unlike now where it can be taken only if the trading prices are high enough. ICC INCOTERMS Inco terms are international rules that are accepted rules accepted by governments, legal authorities, as well as practitioners

What are your opinions of the movies uploaded to Moodle this week Essay

What are your opinions of the movies uploaded to Moodle this week - Essay Example presents President Bush to have rigged the general election and consequently declared the winner portray that political interests are marred with personal gains more than the interests of the people who elect the leaders into their respective positions. To pursue these interests, mechanisms must be put into place in order to facilitate the entire process. The second movie merges politics with conflict, war and hope at the same time. The US has for a long time pursued the Middle East countries, engaging them in wars and/or fighting them when warring with other countries other than the US. Analyzing the concepts under which this is beneficial or harmful only proves difficult than the subject matter. US has destroyed and messed up many Middle East countries, but at the same time it has actively been involved in the reconstruction of these nations. Such a process denotes hope for the disadvantaged, but the interest pursued here remains unclear. The 9/11 event therefore puts forward the theory of â€Å"things gone futile†, when the US found itself under attacks. Further to the interests of this movie, the Middle East and the US have been said to collaborate in business. This fact only makes the analysis of the relationship between these nations dynamic, critical and hard to explain, just represented by the film. Media reporting and the lies of Michael Moore can be connected, and a balance can indeed be stricken between the two. The Aljazeera Control Room (Part 1) and the lies of Michael Moore depict critical analysis of the things that have been taken literally or for granted by the society in relation to politics and governance. Unfairenheit 9/11- The lies of Michael Moore can be described as an insult to the word â€Å"dishonest†. This film presents very analytical cases of events that occur in the ordinary social setting but with rare realization of the ordinary person. However, to my own opinion, these movies have been exaggerated to present the cases contained

Memoie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Memoie - Essay Example In his quest to be an English writer, Yong Kim had to overcome the language barrier by devoting himself to the task that lay ahead him coupled with varied discouragements, for instance, from one of his roommate (Spack 42). This is similar to my experience except that mine was to study Korean, which one of the many languages that I have never been able to be fluent before deciding to try it. Since, I grew up in four countries, which are Egypt, France, Holland, and Sweden. My father used to work for United Nation and every two or four years we had to relocate from state to another besides other countries, which we temporarily stayed for approximately half to year period. They include Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Kenya, Japan and ext. hence, growing up in unstable environment despite to many people seeming to be a fun because every time I had to readjust to my new environment though I attended international schools. Presently, I cannot say that I am fluent in any language even my native one, which is Arabic. When I say fluent, I imply 100% speaking, reading and writing. This is because, for instance, when I started focusing in French while I was France, suddenly my father would come and tell us to be ready for after three months we are relocating to the Netherland for him to attend a new mission that region. Then, when I started learning Dutch, my father would come again and cite that we are moving to Sweden. Therefore, all these scenarios at that time coupled with extremely short periods of staying in certain region posed an immense challenge in learning a particular language effectively. However, some may argue children are capable of learning extremely fast but this was not my case and it turned out to be stressful to me. Since, I was not able to focus on a single subject despite my entire family being in a situation that we got the chance residing as well as visiting more than twenty countries. The worst part of encompassed that I did not have an identi ty evident from certain incidences that I experienced and prompted me think of learning my Korean language as well as certain languages that are essential in aiding me to live as a cosmopolitan citizen. This was after reading â€Å"A Book-Writing Venture† by Kim Yong that relayed what he encountered language barrier and managed to overcome it via studying English to the extent of writing a book in it. A remarkable incidence that I can remember vividly happened to me three years ago in Korea, which prompted me decide to study Korea language after reading Kim Yong’s book who is a Korean too. I felt that I had the same experience with him in terms of language but the only difference is that he was struggling with English in America and mine was Korean in Korea. My life’s story started in 2009 after getting a scholarship from the Korean government to study in Korea as an exchange student between San Jose state university in California and Kyung Hee University in Suw on in South Korea. A part of the scholarship was to teach Math and science for 15 hrs a week to the elementary school students. I stayed in Korea for approximately 14 months, which was a good experience but the first 3 months were hectic due to language barrier. Since, most Koreans do not speak English even those who are fluent in it as they are shy, whereas some are good in

Representation of feminine nature in Helmut Newton and Lillian Bassman Dissertation

Representation of feminine nature in Helmut Newton and Lillian Bassman works - Dissertation Example Lillian Bassman and Helmut Newton are two of the greatest fashion photographers of the twentieth century. Each of them have used their own, specific techniques to achieve success in the field of photography, in particular female photography. The history and styles unique to each will be discussed below, in addition to relevant samples of their work. This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the works of Helmut Newton and Lillian Bassman and concurrently, compares their vision of females, their way of presenting them and how it influences the potential viewer. The first chapter of my final analysis will illustrate Helmut Newton’s works, his achievements and his representation of ‘feminine nature’. The second chapter contains a short biography of Lillian Bassman and an explanation of her photographic techniques and her perception of the female. Finally, the last chapter will sum up all the theories, photographic works, and perceptions as well as compare the commo n idea of the works shared between the photographers. NEWTON The female nude as fashion. A shot in which the form of a woman becomes in its own right a fashion statement. To use not a truly nude image but one in which a woman's body becomes a stylistic choice. This characterization can be said to be representative of the works of Helmut Newton; as well as Lillian Bassman, as exemplified by their work while at Harper's Bazaar. Bassman in particular was able to not only use her time at the magazine to advance her own prospects, but is credited to have advanced the careers of other fashion-notablies, such as Avedon, Faurer, and Frank. (VanZanten, 2010) Her monochromatic style is a art form she shared with Newton, yet others seemed to have found greater value in her Harper's Bazaar career than she herself; having destroyed 40 years of her own negatives and prints when fashion photography became less vogue, (or she perceived it as less vogue). While less self-destructive, Newton's mark o n the magazine also served an inspirational role, which - while less explicit than certain modern artists, he became a gatekeeper, or trail-blazer whose avant-garde efforts opened the door for others. The imagery Newton brought to the magazine mingled classic images of the female as a vessel for desire, along with an expressive fire kindled by a uniquely female drive, proactive intent - as will be discussed below. A cursory examination of Newton's style will allow for a semblance of the woman as a focal point for incidental beauty, yet with an underlying current of inner strength as revealed by the embrace of the full power of the feminine mystique. His work for the magazine carries the self-styled label 'porno-chic', and for the most extreme of feminist activists, his sort of visual provocation might carry the label 'anti-Christ', and warranted in the minds of some activists the defacing of a production with thrown paint. (Newton, 2002) On the other hand, Lillian Bassman uses compl etely different ways of attraction; she draws attention to the female body and how it can change the perception of the photograph. In a book by Liz Wells there are several debates, which introduce key concepts of photographic body. Solomon-Godeau suggests that ‘we need to consider not only how photographs present women’

Special Focus on Paikgachha Upazila of Khulna District Essay Example for Free

Special Focus on Paikgachha Upazila of Khulna District Essay One of the most important external cost is salinity. If we go to ten to fifteen years ago in this region, we see that the domestic production of rice, vegetables and other crop was sufficient to meet local demand of this area. There was no scarcity of pure drinking water. Different kinds of monsoon fruits produced at a huge amount. The natural salinity of soil in this area was sufficient to cultivate shrimp. But due to some selfish and profit generating people who catch up brackish-water from tide-water of river to get more shrimp, natural salinity of soil has increased over the last decades. Though their volume of production increased, even the margin of profit, in fact they are paying more for their livelihood for environmental degradation. This is the ultimate goal of xi this study paper so that we can know how actually they are paying to cultivate shrimp by adding environmental cost. 1. 2. Objective The study aims to attain following objective to assess the value of lost production of rice caused by retaining brackish water for shrimp cultivation in the study area. 1. 3. Rationale Salinity is an integral part of both soil and water. Like other component of soil and water, a specific ratio of salinity is required to keep balance in environment. But retaining saline water from river must impact on both soil and water with other body of environment which is very simple case in southern part of Bangladesh. The main aim of the study is to asses whether cultivators of shrimp by retaining saline water is benefited in long run or not. 1. 4. Research Questions Under the above mentioned objective the study will possess some research questions which are depicted below To know the history of salinity of study area. How much land is affected by salinity? How much the production of rice as well as other crop decreases over the last decade? To know the ecological change of study area. Which class of people is economically more vulnerable? Quantitative measure of output lost due to salinity. To know the thinking of local people regarding problem and solution of salinity. xii 1. 5. Limitations of the Study The main bindings to complete a good research work are time and finance. Here this study is not out of this limitation. Time allocated for accomplishing this study is not well enough.

Pierre Elliott Trudeau Reason Over Passion History Essay

Pierre Elliott Trudeau Reason Over Passion History Essay Pierre Elliot Trudeau was the most influential leader in Canadian politics. He was a charismatic, charming, honest and an intellectually brilliant individual. Trudeau inherently believed in a fair society where minority rights are protected and all citizens are treated equally. He used his unique skills to build a better Canada, where its citizens enjoyed a superior quality of life and standard of living. Elected in 1968, Trudeau was responsible for implementing landmark legislation, which significantly impacted Canadian lives in a positive way. In 1969, Trudeau enacted the official languages Act, which enabled both English and French speaking Canadians equal rights. In 1970, Trudeau implemented the War Measures Act for the safety of the Canadian people against terrorists acts. Furthermore, in 1982 Trudeau revamped the Canadian Charter of Right and Freedoms, which changed the shape of Canadian democracy  [1]  and gave Canadians a new outlook towards life. Trudeau allowed Canada t o evolve into what he perceived as a just society, which created personal and political freedom in addition to unity within the nation. 1969, a year in which Francophones (a term used to describe primary French speaking individuals) would be able to use their talents to the full,  [2]  as Trudeau enacted the Official Languages Act, otherwise known as Bill C-120. This act entrenched the rights of Francophones to their language wherever they lived and gave public servants the choice of their language of work  [3]  . Trudeau stated, Either one nation with two languages or ultimately two separate nations  [4]  . Trudeau, advocating Canadian unity aimed at opposing the concept of a French Canada  [5]  . The Trudeau government wanted to recognize French and English languages as equal. Trudeau, a francophone himself stated that he wanted increased identification of Francophones within Canada  [6]  ; Bill C-120 gave greater responsibility to French Canadians in the federal government, as section five declared that the decisions of the federal courts were to be issued in both English and French  [7]  . Section eight, which stated that, both English and French versions of a law enacted by the Parliament of Canada are equally authentic  [8]  , and section nine which assured that each agency of a Crown Corporation in Ottawa or in a bilingual district must ensure that services were available in both official languages  [9]  . Trudeau covered every aspect of ensuring equality and unity of both English and French speaking Canadians. Trudeau hoped to re-channel Quebec nationalism  [10]  and eliminate separatism in Quebec. Bill C-120 appeared promising as it has progressively more support throughout Canada. The Bill has been revised twice to strengthen some of its provisions  [11]  and in 1982 parts of Bill C-120 was constitutionalized by its placing in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Languages Act was appreciated by many Canadians however small minorities insisted on committing to the independence of Quebec. The Front de Liberation or the FLQ wanted to ensure greater participation of the French speaking public. In October 1970 the FLQ became known as Canadas Terrorist group  [12]  , as they kidnapped two public officials James Cross and Pierre Laporte. Roman Pearson of the Centre of Canadian Studies stated that terrorism was something that Canadians read about in the newspapers; it was not supposed to occur in Canada, but the FLQ changed all of that  [13]  . It was also reported that in August 1970 FLQ terrorist were training with Palestinian terrorists, and had vowed a series of political assassinations  [14]  . The FLQ were determined, in hopes that Quebec would somehow become independent; conversely Trudeau had a different mindset. He believed that no terrorist group should be able to roam free in the streets of Canada  [15]  . As he was be ing questioned by a local news reporter he stated that, as people are being abducted let them be protected, its only natural  [16]  In response to the FLQ on October 16th 1970, under the leadership of Trudeau, the Federal Government proclaimed the War Measures Act. This act allowed the government to assume emergency powers in the event of war, invasion or insurrection, real or apprehended  [17]  . Trudeaus reasoning suggested that his country was being attacked by a group of individuals who made wrong judgments. The media criticized Trudeau with phrases such as, Canada, a police state  [18]  . The media also took into consideration that some of the Canadian population were shocked in the decisions made. Trudeau replied, well theres a lot of bleeding hearts around who just dont like to see people with helmets and guns, all I can say is go on and bleed, but its more important to keep law and order in a society then to worry about weakly people who dont like the looks of so ldiers  [19]  a reporter commented stating at any cost?  [20]  Trudeau famously replied just watch me!  [21]  His determination and reasoning of FLQ extermination led to nearly over five hundred arrests, and a compromise, from a list of demands that was given to the federal government. The negotiation included the ending of police searches  [22]  , the liberation of twenty three FLQ political prisoners  [23]  and safe conducts out of the country  [24]  . Although Trudeaus actions were extremely controversial 87 % of Canadians were in support during what became known as the October Crisis  [25]  Trudeau received praise for his logical thinking and saved Canada from alleged terrorism. As the FLQ became a lessening issue, human rights became the focal point of the Trudeau administration. In 1982 Trudeau revamped the Canadian constitution combining the British North America Act of 1867 with several amendments in a process which was known as repatriating the constitution  [26]  . The constitution act of 1982 covered fundamental rights and freedoms of all Canadians. It covered such areas as democratic rights, mobility rights, legal rights and equality rights. Trudeau included amendments from the Official Languages Act and he gave minorities political freedom  [27]  within society. Trudeau believed that, a constitution can permit the co-existence of several cultures and ethnic groups within a signal state  [28]  , ultimately meaning unity within the population of Canada. Trudeau used the Constitution as a way of bringing Canadian together. We as the population of Canada are benefiting greatly from Trudeau as we live in strong and prospering country. The Con stitution Act gave Canadians and enlightening envision of the future with a feeling of prosperity towards oneself. For the minorities who were discriminated against such as women, aboriginal Canadians, African Americans and the disabled, the Constitution Act gave this part of the population a chance to live a life where they could be seen as equals. This was something Trudeau strongly believed in as he stated, Canada will be a strong country when Canadians of all provinces feel at home in all parts of the country, and when they feel that all of Canada belongs to them  [29]  . For the current population of Canada, we can safely say that this has been proven true. To the world Canada has been looked at as the safe country  [30]  it has been seen as the country that stays out of harms way  [31]  and protects rather than causes infliction upon  [32]  . Canada is a country of united multiculturalism, which as Canadians, we are proud of. Without Pierre Elliott Trudeau Canada would not hold this reputation. Trudeau once said, We peer so suspiciously at each other that we cannot see that we Canadians are standing on the mountaintop of human wealth, freedom and privilege  [33]  . Trudeau had great hopes for Canada. He believed in nation wide unity, and as a result he fought with solidity for the rights of minority groups, by implementing, manipulating and revamping procedures so that we can all live in a nation where we feel at home. Trudeaus way of thinking was based upon reason over passion  [34]  , he used Aristotles theory of rationalism to solve his countries dilemmas and therefore, Trudeau created an effective democratic nat ion. Endnotes

Development of Accounting Systems in China

Development of Accounting Systems in China Abstract This report put the accounting development in China into perspective. Describe the history and changes in the accounting environment of China during the recent economic reforms by using the Greys (1988) accounting value to analyzing the culture impact on accounting systems development in China, and then, illustrate the institutional and environmental factors which driven Chinas accounting system made changes, the reasons of those changes and then describes the major problem in Chinas accounting development as well as to point out whether would be changes in the future. Introduction This report is aim to describe the development of accounting system in China, including the history of Chinas accounting except Hong Kong, the one country, two systems policy allowed Hong Kong remain its market-led capitalist system. Then, it would describe the traditional use of accounting and the factors that influenced Chinas accounting development as well as what the changes it has made what the major problems that China has face in developing the accounting system. Then, it would discuss whether China would have further changes of accounting system in the future in my opinion. There has a conclusion in the end. Country profile China had more than 1.34 billion population at the end of 2010. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) announced Chinas GDP reaching 39.79 trillion yuan (approximately 6.04 trillion US dollars) over the course of 2010. (Du Xiaodan, 2011 Paul Pennay, 2011) Brief history of  accounting in China According to Zhang Guohua (2005), Chinas economy has undergone three periods of change since 1949: 1949- 1978: a socialist, centrally controlled, planned economy. 1979- 1992: socialist commodity economy. 1992- present: socialist market economy. Chinas accounting system has changed with the economy, almost like the period of the Chinas economy. Development of accounting systems can generally be divided into the four stages: (more detailed information of Chinas accounting history can be found in Appendix 1.) 1949-1978 was the first stage which the uniform accounting system and the 1978-1992, Chinas accounting system has during the transition and the construction. Then, from 1992 to 1997, the construction of a new accounting system has issued. The fourth period is from 1997 to present. The ASC was set up in October 1998 by the Ministry of Finance to oversee the development of a complete set of Chinese GAAP. In order to join in the WTO, Chinas accounting standards made some change to closer to IFRS/IASs. The new Chinese Accounting Standards were adopted by all listed companies from 1 January 2007. Chinese Accounting Standards will continue to be updated in line with IFRS developments. (Gray et al, 1995 Wang Baozhong et al, 2009 Zhang Guohua, 2005 The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, 2010) Traditional use in China The basic function of financial accounting is to accounting and monitoring. With the founding of the PRC in 1949, all resources of production in the country came under State ownership. Accounting was primarily used for establishing information and reporting system for the implementation of national economic policies and resource allocation in the planned economy. (InterChina, 2009) The objectives of financial reporting system have been stated to serves one user primarily, the government, and then it is stated very broadly to strengthen accounting work of share enterprise, to protect the legitimate interest of investors and creditorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ministry of Finance, 1992).The change in industry and ownership specific accounting system is due to the need of macroeconomic planning require a uniform system. (Tang, Qingliang, 2000) During the developing of accounting system, there are a number of users makes use of accounting in different purpose. Such as Shareholders use accounts to examine the health of business, and the dividends that they can expect to make. The bank may use the account to see how much loan they would provide for the company, and government would see the how much tax the company needs to pay. The main use for accounting is to comply with legal and other requirements, to provide information for stakeholders about financial performance and viability, to provide managers with information for decision making and to provide a structure to business activity based on the careful processing of numerical data. (The Times 100, n.d) The cultural factor that influenced its development The development of accounting was influenced by both cultural and environmental factors. They shape the accounting system in China. As Merino (cited in Carnegie and Napier, 2002) mentioned, All source material must be viewed as a reflection of the culture. The transition from a communist economy to a capitalist market economy can summarize as contributed by the factors as politic, culture, as well as the reform of social and economic or regional and international integration. Before economic reform, Chinas communist culture (See appendix 2) has strongly influence all the means of accounting control, whether accounting plans, balance sheets, and income statements or, in a wider sense, audit techniques. (Cigdem Solas and Sinan Ayhan, 2008) all the surpluses were owned by the state. A table (See appendix 3) summarizes the information on the difference between capitalist and communist systems, and issues raised for examination regarding their reflection in accounting. The transitions of the culture and economy reform were both influence the accounting system in China. For example, the concept of profit is meaningless under communist culture due to the panned economy which the surplus goes to government. In capitalism culture, the economic entity would need to have a certain type of boundary; the profit is one of its results. Particular rules for payment of the various parties involved would also be required, and monetary assessments of economic flows registered would have to be at least partly based on market mechanisms. Its status as a measurement of a single entitys performance presumes that there is a capacity for free enterprise do not existing in communist economic structures. Greys (1988) model derived accounting values from studies of societal value dimensions by Hofstede (1984), and Greys model has been used to analyse the cultural impact on accounting development in China. Professionalism V Statutory Chinas accounting system is strongly controlled by state rather than professional. The state closely controlled all enterprises by centralized plans. The profession is also still relatively new, small and powerless and it is currently occupied with the problems involved in meeting the new audit requirements. And it is unlikely to give up this power to a professional body so far. (Roberts, Weetman and Gordon, 2008) This is mainly because the strong power distance in China. In China, power is unquestioned, no matter it is right or wrong, the accountants in China cannot rely on their professional view. Uniformity V Flexibility Due to the special circumstances, China has a dual approach which retained a uniform accounting system in the Accounting System for Business Enterprises (ASBE) while also developing accounting standards based on IFRS. Enterprises have no judgment at all on how to account for particular transactions or events according to the uniform system. (Roberts, Weetman and Gordon, 2008) It is just as the same as the statutory in China, the accountants has been regulated by the uniform accounting regulation, they have to do as the regulation told to. Conservatism V Optimism The accounting system in China is conservatism rather than optimism. The Accounting System illustrate that an enterprise should fulfill the requirements of the prudence concept. Including, an enterprise should not overstate assets or revenue, or understate liabilities or expenses. It should not provide for any hidden reserve. (Roberts, Weetman and Gordon, 2008) which means Chinas accounting system has high level of uncertainly avoidance. Chinese government likes to plan everything in advance just the five years plan, they do not want to see something happen unexpected due to the complex situation. Secrecy V Transparency Chinas accounting system has highly secrecy due to the large power distance and strong uncertain avoidance. The collectivist culture of China require the enterprise offer their information to the society but within a range of narrative disclosure which stated in ASBE 2001. (Roberts, Weetman and Gordon, 2008) only related people can see the accounting information such as the managers, shareholders and the government officers. This feature is due to Chinas prudent culture, it is different as the western country but it is totally consistent with Chinas situation. Problems for using the Greys model There have some problems by using either Hofsteade model or Greys model to analyzing Chinas situation. Those models has been stated many years ago, in addition, China is rapid development in every aspects those years, therefore, the model may not be 100% appropriate with the situation nowadays. Another problem is China is really big; there has huge gap between west area and east area no matter in economy or culture. Institutional and Environmental factors There are several environmental factors which influence accounting system in China. Economic and enterprise reforms have influence the financial reports by change of the contents, format and uses. Enterprises in China are no longer relying on fund appropriation instead of independence in their operational and financing activities. Banking and financing system has restructured, therefore, the role of the state as a source of funds has been reduced. (Tang, Qingliang, 2000) Furthermore, various forms of business combinations with joint ownership have emerged (Tang et al, 1992). The rigid, fund-orientated and industry/ownership specific financial reporting system and practices are no longer well-matched the changing business environment. As a result, a universal and user-oriented financial reporting system is necessary to meets the needs of the economic reform. Due to the economic factors, the Objectives of Financial Reporting has made some change as well as the Industry and Ownership Specific Accounting System. Furthermore, foreign investment started to influence Chinas accounting system since the open-doors policy. The increasing of foreign direct investment and international business transaction driven China change its accounting system close to international accounting and report standard. (Tang, Qingliang, 2000) The legal factors have been influenced by other factors. The government system is one of the legal factors. The new accounting regulation system (See Appendix 3) is being developed towards a legal one. The National Peoples Congress issued the first tier accounting law in 1985 and revised in 1993 and 1999. It is the basic law of accounting in China as well as the basis of Chinas accounting work and other related accounting regulations. The State Council and Ministry of Finance formulated second tier- the executive regulations which form conceptual framework and general principles of accounting. The third tier authorized by the PRC Accounting Law and formulated by the Ministry of Finance. (Zhang Guohua, 2005) The legal framework for Chinas accounting system and reporting standards have changed step by step to fulfill the need of economy development. Another driving force for the accounting change is the development of capital market. In 1990 and 1991, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange were established. The development of capital market has influenced Chinese accounting change toward to a capital market-oriented system. Therefore, the structure, content, format, and disclosure of financial information have been significantly influenced by the needs of the capital market. (Tang, Qingliang, 2000) Problems occurred in development There also appeared some problem during the Chinas accounting systems development and transition into international accounting standard. First is that Chinese accounting system and IAS requiring different practices; for example, inventory must be valued at historical costs under Chinese GAAP, but at the lower of cost and market (LOCAM) under IAS. Another example is accounting for long-term investment. Chinese GAAP offers companies a free choice between cost and equity methods if their investments in shares do not exceed 50 percent. But in other words, differences between Chinas accounting system and IAS can be reduced by changing accounting standards. (Charles J. P Chen, Ferdinand A. Gui and Xijia Su, 1999) Second, to implementation of IAS requires professional judgment from management as well as auditors. Professional independence and implement of standards have been identified as the two critical issues in international auditing. (Stamp and Moonitz, 1982) The severe shortage of qua lified accountants and auditors in China delay the development of professional auditing (Winkle et al. 1994; Graham 1996) Further changes The development of Chinas accounting system needs to fit Chinas special circumstance. It is impossible to expect independent/professional auditing to be achievable in China in the future. This implies that the proposed accounting standards will have to operate without independent/professional auditing. It is likely that the flexibility in the detailed accounting standards will provide opportunities for managers to engage in aggressive earnings management, reducing, even eliminating the probability of showing a true and fair view. Therefore, the lack of independent/professional auditing can neutralize the objective of prudence and turn the flexibility into a land of opportunities for earnings exploitation. (Bing Xiang, 1998) In my opinion, there has a trend, which the Chinas accounting system would slightly change towards to the international accounting system in the future, but would never be exactly the same with the international accounting system because of Chinas special circumst ance like one-party policy, different situation in different area, huge power distance and not so easy to managing the big land of China. Conclusion In conclusion, China has undergone profound changes in recent years, not only the economic system but also the accounting standards. China has moved from a system of public ownership of all enterprises to a mixed system with increasing private ownership of both small and large companies. There have many factors such as cultural and institutional factors which led to those changes as well as some problem which hold the change back, but Chinas accounting system would still change towards to the IAS due to the requirement of economic development. References Bing, X., (1998) Institutional Factors Influencing Chinas Accounting Reforms and Standards. Accounting Horizons. 12(2) pp: 105-119. Carnegie, G.D. and Napier, C.J., (2002) Exploring Comparative International Accounting History, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 15(5). pp 689-718. Chen, J. P., Gui, A.F., and Su, X., (1999) A Comparison of Reported Earnings Under Chinese GAAP vs. IAS: Evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Accounting Horizons. 13(2) pp: 91-111. Chiapello, E., and Ding,Y., (2005) Searching for The Accounting Features of Capitalism: An Illustration with Economic Transition Process in China, SASE, Budapest. Chow, L.M., Chau, G.K. and Gray, S.J. (1995) Accounting reforms in China: cultural constraints on implementation and development, Accounting and Business Research, 26(1): 29-49. Du, X., (2011) China has 1.34 billion populations by 2010. [WWW] Xinhua NEWS. Available from: http://english.cntv.cn/20110228/109748.shtml [Assessed 1/3/2011] Graham, L., (1996). Setting a research agenda for auditing issues in the Peoples Republic of China. The International Journal of Accounting. 31(1). pp: 19-37. InterChina, (2009) Accounting in China. InterChina Consulting. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, (2010) Chinese accounting reform: Towards a principles-based global regime. ISBN: 978-1-904574-62-0. Edinburgh: Technical Policy Board of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS). Ministry of Finance, Chinese Government, (1992). Accounting system for foreign investment enterprises. Pennay, P., (2011) Chinas GDP Increased by 10.3% in 2010. [WWW] the Economic Observer online. Available from: http://www.eeo.com.cn/ens/homepage/briefs/2011/01/20/191877.shtml [Assessed 1/3/2011] Roberts, C., Weetman, P., and Gordon, P., (2008) International Corporate Reporting: A Comparative Approach. 4th ed. FT Prentice Hall. Stamp, E., and Moonitz, M., (1982). International Auditing Standards: Part I. CPA Journal. pp 24-32. Solas, S., and Ayhan, S., (2008) The Historical Evolution of Accounting in China (Novissima Sinica): Effects of Culture (2nd Part). Spanish Journal of Accounting History. No.8 pp: 138-163. Tang, Q.L., (2000) Accounting Reforms in China: A Transition from State Plan and Control-Oriented System to Capital Market-Oriented System. Managerial Finance. 26(5) pp: 80-99. Tang, Y., Chow, L., and Cooper, B., (1992). Accounting and Finance in China: A review of current practice. Hong Kong: Longman. The Times 100, (n.d.) Accounting Functions. [WWW] The Times 100. Available from: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theoryaccounting-functions111.php [Assessed 2/3/2011] Wang, B.Z., Huang, J.Y., Wang, B.Q., (2009) Change of Accounting System Review. Communication of Finance and Accounting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ NG. Issue6. Winkle, G., Huss, H., and Chen, X., (1994). Accounting standards in the Peoples Republic of China: Responding to economic reforms. Accounting Horizons. Issue: 8. pp: 48-57. Zhang, G., (2005) Environmental factors in Chinas financial accounting since 1949. Netherland: Erasmus University Rotterdam. Appendix 1 History of accounting systems development in China Chinas accounting history can be traced back 2000 years ago. The word accounting first appeared in Western Zhou Dynasty à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 11th century BC to 770 BCà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. During the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), Account book appeared for recording the annual fiscal revenues. The basic traditional Chinese accounting theory such as the scientific bookkeeping method and the four pillars accounts was created in Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279). A new method called Long Men Zhang which is similar to the double-entry bookkeeping method has created in Ming Dynasty (AD1369-1644). Single-entry bookkeeping has been used in prior to 1911. (Zhang Guohua, 2005) Since 1949, Development of accounting systems can generally be divided into the four stages: First stage is from 1949 to 1978: 1949-1952 a unified accounting system of affiliated enterprises was developed by the central government. 1958-1959, the accounting system has been severely damaged by the scholasticism thinking, some people claimed to simplify the accounting system. 1960 to 1966, due to economic development, people realized the importance of accounting. Critical theorists illustrated the error approach of simplify the accounting system, then, the accounting system design work has received attention. Furthermore, the industry-specific regulation has been issued. (Gray et al, 1995 Wang Baozhong et al, 2009 Zhang Guohua, 2005) Second stage is from 1978 to 1992: Chinas accounting has undergone drastic changes due to the opening-up and beginning of reform. 1979-1922, Enterprises started to issue equity shares in 1984. The number of Sino-foreign joint venture has increased; Ministry of Finance has issued the Laws on Sino- foreign Joint Venture to solve the problem of difficult of foreign staff in accounting and use the accounting information. These included a joint venture income tax law and laws on contracts and foreign exchange. Accounting Regulations for Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures and Charts of Account and Accounting Statements for Industrial Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures has issued in 1985 which is the first accounting system reference to international conventions to satisfy the new accounting system in China. (Gray et al, 1995 Wang Baozhong et al, 2009 Zhang Guohua, 2005) Third stage is from 1992 to 1997: Ministry of Finance and the National Committee of Economic Structure Reform jointly promulgated Accounting Regulations for Share Enterprises in 1992. Furthermore, Accounting System for Business Enterprises (ASBE) issued in November 1992. The ASBE was a major attempt both to unify the accounting systems used by different industries and to move financial accounting towards international accounting practices. Because of the development of foreign exchange markets, these regulations which made in 1985 were replaced by Accounting Regulations for Enterprises with Foreign Investments and Charts of Accounts and Accounting Statements for Industrial Enterprises with Foreign Investments in 1993. (Gray et al, 1995 Wang Baozhong et al, 2009 Zhang Guohua, 2005) The fourth stage is start from 1997 to present: the Accounting Standard Committee issued to establishing a complete set of accounting standard. The Accounting Law of the PRC which revised in 2000 is the highest level of authority which replaced the pervious law of 1992. (Gray et al, 1995 Wang Baozhong et al, 2009 Zhang Guohua, 2005)

The Way Technology Has Changed Man: Hopkins And Wordsworth :: essays research papers

"Where do you want to go today?". We all know this slogan of the most advanced software company in the world, Microsoft. The question we will soon have to answer is were we can't go today. William Wordsworth, a quaint man from the late 18th century and early 19th century, understood the need for change in this world and expressed a pre-mature concern for the future that still applies to this very day in "The world is too much with us". Gerald Hopkins, a poet from the later 19th century, expressed many of same ideas and philosophies as Wordsworth in "God's Grandeur". Their main points were that man's continuous journey towards the future has led us to forget our roots. Though how could two poets from two different lifestyles, Wordsworth the revolutionary and Hopkins the Jesuit, come up with the same basic ideas? They both showed that our continuous journey towards the future has led us to forget our roots as shown by our destruction of nature, by the way the Industrial Revolution has torn us away from our harmony with nature and by the ways we can return back to mother earth.Man continues to destroy nature in an attempt to strengthen himself. Wordsworth and Hopkins talk about man's primal instinct to destroy what is around him. Ironically our destruction of nature leads to the advancements in our personal technologies. This is made evident when Wordsworth says "getting and spending we lay waste our powers." While it is obvious is that Wordsworth thinks we have become to attached to material goods, what does he mean by "lay waste our powers"? Perhaps the only explanation we can give is that Wordsworth believes that Man has, somewhere deep down in him, the ability to be a creator, an architect who can use nature and not abuse it. He also believes that Man keeps destroying nature without realizing the effects this adds to our lives. Hopkins shows this same type of idea but with a higher connection, the power of God. He uses God as a way of showing us the wrong we are doing. He shows Man's disobedience of God as a way to show that we have forgotten nature. Wordsworth thinks our own ambitions have led us to this point and we can't say that Hopkins completely disagrees with that. Hopkins shows how nature accumulates our pollution. They both must have realized the influence these technologies were having on their societies.

The Right to Own a Gun Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Right to Own a Gun   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are you willing to sit back and become a victim of violent crime or allow the government to tamper with your civil liberties? In recent years, anti-gun politicians have attempted to control guns in the name of crime prevention this is an assault on the Second Amendment rights of US citizens . The Second Amendment states, â€Å" A well regulated Militia being necessary to the Security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.† Not only did our Founding Fathers focus their debate on the right of people to keep and bear arms, they devoted energy to encouraging future generations to defend theses freedoms. In defense of gun ownership, Alexander Hamilton said, â€Å"If circumstances should at any time oblige the government to form an army of any magnitude, that army can never be formidable to the liberties of the people while there is a large body of citizens, little if at all inferior to them in discipline and the use of arms, who stand ready to defend their rights and those of their fellow citizens.† During our country’s development hundreds of law-abiding citizens were able to take up arms against lawless mobs to defend themselves, their family, their homes, and their businesses. They did the job law enforcement simply could not do. Lives were saved. Robberies were prevented. Homes and businesses were defended and left intact, all thanks to the Second Amendment to our constitutional, the right to keep and bear arms. Americans have made it clear they reject most government intrusions on their basic civil rights, including the right of gun ownership. According to an April 18, 1994 study by Penn and Schoen Associates, Inc. as many as 85 percent of American adults said they are unwilling to forfeit basic civil liberties even if it could enhance their personal safety. 75 percent agreed that police and the justice systems couldn’t protect them; people said they have to take more responsibility for safeguarding themselves. 62 percent said the need for personal guns ownership is increasing, and a majority is unwilling to accept laws that restrict gun ownership greatly. Guns, Crime, and Freedom states that, no gun law which restricts the right of law-abiding citizens to own guns has been proven to reduce crime or homicides, not even the Brady Law and the â€Å"Clinton Crime Bill.† These two laws st... ...f federal law enforcement agencies did their jobs with respect to guns and convicted violent felons using only GCA’68, as reformed, gun control would not be an issue and we would be a long way toward solving the violent crime problem. We would be getting criminals off the streets and into jail. Americans want violent criminals off the streets and out of their neighborhoods. The bottom line is Americans are upset about crime and soundly reject government solutions that infringe on their rights and liberties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately, it is a person’s choice to use firearms to commit violent crimes. So criminals should be controlled, not the guns which they share with millions of law-abiding citizens. Gun control supporters claim that gun control lowers crime rate. We as people need to take a stand and fight for our Second Amendment and the right to bear arms. Gun control advocates need to realize that passing laws that honest gun owners will not obey is a self-defeating strategy. Gun owners are not about to surrender their liberties or their right to bear arms. The Federal Govement of the United States should not be able to take away the right of law-abiding citizens to own a gun.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Costco Wholesale Corporation Essay

Costco Wholesale Corporation was created in 1983 when its first store opened in Seattle. Costco runs on a membership warehouse concept, which was first created by Price Club in 1976. Now, though Costco has only subsidiaries in eight countries, but Costco is the ninth largest retailers around the world, and is one of the most successful discount warehouse firms in North America. In 2008, Costco open the store in Australia. Through the leadership of Jim Sinegal, Costco has been able to create value for shareholders as well as consumers. Part of Costco’s strategy is to attract customers through a combination of low prices. Although it is a success strategy, they will not likely has the same level of success moving forward due to intense competition in the industry. Costco began its e-commerce business in November 1998. According to a Compete.com survey in 2008, the Costco’s website attracted at least 58 million visitors. In addition, Costco online shop provide the membership additional products which can not find in store, and also provide digital photo processing, pharmacy, travel, and membership services. However, Costco operates Costco Online, electronic commerce web sites only in Unite States, Canada and UK. Objective: This report will through analyze Costco internal and external environment, potential customers, and online market needs to make a strategy plan to expand Costco’s e-commerce into the international market, and bloom it’s online sales. Costco Wholesale Corporation was created in 1983 when its first store opened in Seattle. Costco runs on a membership warehouse concept, which was first created by Price Club in 1976. Now, though Costco has only subsidiaries in eight countries, but Costco is the ninth largest retailers around the world, and is one of the most successful discount warehouse firms in North America. In 2008, Costco open the store in Australia. Through the leadership of Jim Sinegal, Costco has been able to create value for shareholders as well as consumers. Part of Costco’s strategy is to attract customers through a combination of low prices. Although it is a success strategy, they will not likely has the same level of success moving forward due to intense competition in the industry. Costco began its e-commerce business in  November 1998. According to a Compete.com survey in 2008, the Costco’s website attracted at least 58 million visitors. In addition, Costco online shop provide the membe rship additional products which can not find in store, and also provide digital photo processing, pharmacy, travel, and membership services. However, Costco operates Costco Online, electronic commerce web sites only in Unite States, Canada and UK.

Do Not Count Your Chickens Before They Are Hatched

This is a famous story that a man was very poor and lived hand to mouth. Happy go lucky, he earned a gold coin. He was very glad by that and started ejecting his future. He dreamed that by selling this gold coin, he will buy several chickens which then lead to a poultry farm. With so much earning with the poultry he will buy cows and goats and as it seems, he will become very rich soon! While he was in the state of highest level of expectations, he was so deeply sank into the sea of never ending wishes that he didn’t see main-hole opened. His foot intersected with it and he fallen and that gold coin ran to the main-hole. All his dreams shattered and the castles he built in air ended in smoke. Although the story is quite humoristic but there are lessons in it. Say you have 6 eggs, and you invest in feed and a cage large enough to feed and house 6 chickens, but only 1 egg hatches. There goes most of your investment down the drain. All events happen in a line. For example, you first get the job, and then you buy the car. Not the other way around. The phrase tries to explain that you should not think about the car until you get the job. In the case of the chicken, you should first focus on hatching the eggs before you focus on how much money you are going to make from selling the chickens. While looking ahead is wise but it is foolishness that one would start enjoying and thinking things before they happen or simply become closet-strategist. One must not, also confuse serpentine wisdom with day-dreaming. Suppose we are planning a trip to Northern Areas of Pakistan and estimate the budget, plan the routes or possible stops or booking advance the hotels etc. , this is outlook or planning, which in turn can save us from many troubles. On the other hand if we think in such a way that what games we are going to play? How much enjoyment we will be having? What will we do if we see the snowfall? Will we throw snow balls at each other? This is dreaming which can cause disappointments or upsetting. The conclusion is we should not think about the future before we reach it or simply don’t count things if you don’t have them yet because its consequences may not be the same as we think. A great many of the problems faced by the world these days is due to this reason.

The French Revolution

The French Revolution was an uprising in human history that changed the way of life for many. The poor became poorer, the people became mostly jobless, the cities became even more lifeless. Not only did the Revolution affected music in the 1700s but it still has an effect on modern day music. The Revolution had an impact on many things; one of the many things being music. The French Revolution was also an evolution for music. The leaders of the Revolution wanted to end the aristocracy; they soon realized music could influence people so they used music to achieve their goals. The purpose of music during the Revolution was to unite a group of people to take action. The music was used to get people to feel nationalism pride and rise against the aristocracy. The Revolution influenced a numerous amount of composers. The emotions the composers felt during this time period influenced the way music was produced. The churches were the main supporters of musicians. They relied on people that could compose, conduct, and play the organ. Because the church demanded this, people obtained a living by working for the church. Musicians could also gain patronage from an aristocrat as another way to earn a living. â€Å"Kapellmeister is someone who is a composer, conductor, a performer, and organizer†(Kingsnews). The wealthy families would often hire these people to write and perform small pieces of music for entertainment. When the Revolution took place the aristocrats lost their fortunes, loss of music centers resulted from small states being consumed by neighbors. Public concert halls raised from the change. People had more availability to music because of this rise. However, the public wasn't interested in heavy music. â€Å"The limits of music were not allowed to go beyond that of what was politically and socially acceptable to the old regime†(Kingsnews). The changes caused by the Revolution caused many people to lose their jobs which in turn unemployed many musicians. These changes affected many musicians because their music did not fit the popular trend of music. In the time of the French Revolution people often used their musical talents to get what they need. In the book, Revolution by Jennifer Donnelly on page 138 in the first paragraph gives an example of how music was used to people's advantages. Levesque, the inn-keeper, makes a deal with Alex's family; as long as they sing songs for his guests in the tap room he will give them a place to sleep. In the book, Revolution, on pages 114 and 115 Alex mentions that she, her father, and her uncle puts on puppet shows. She then says â€Å"We were all hungry, all thin, for the harvest was poor and the winter long.†(Revolution) Two paragraphs below Alex goes on â€Å"My mother wept. My brothers, all five of them, joined her.†(Revolution). Within this journal entry, Alex explains her family's means of collecting money. Alex also plays her guitar for the Little Prince. When the Little Prince is locked in the tower she plays loudly hoping he can hear her. In today's society, music no longer depends on the churches or patronage. The music style today varies from the style of music during the Revolution. Whereas classical composers made money during the Revolution, they would have a very difficult time earning money composing classical pieces. Another difference that stands out is the â€Å"performance and the ‘look' of the musician†(Kingsnews). During the French Revolution people listened and gave money because of the feelings that emit from the song. However, today's society buys music â€Å"based on the attractiveness of the musicians†(Kingsnews). Even though the evolution of music has changed dramatically people today still use music to tell a story, for entertainment, to influence one another. However, instead of using music to influence people to end aristocracy, music is produced to influence people to stand up for what they believe in. Modern music comes from the classical music that was created during the French Revolution. Modern musician uses the works of those who lived before them to inspire their own piece. Some musicians and their songs that were inspired by classical music are â€Å"Elvis Presley – I Can't Help Falling In Love With You ; It's Now Or Never, Queen – It's A Hard Life, Barry Manilow – Could It Be Magic, Lady Gaga – Alejandro ; Bad Romance, Beyonce – Schubert, and many more musicians†(ClassicFM). Throughout the book, Andi does some similar things that Alex did during the French Revolution. One of these things is her music. Alex played her music in the streets of Paris for money. However, Andi doesn't think of this at first. Andi stumbled upon this by accident. On page 96 in the book, Revolution, Andi is sitting on a bench when she hears a note from â€Å"Norwegian Wood†. She starts playing the song on her guitar, an old man drops a coin into her guitar case. On page 120 of Revolution, Andi is facing a problem; she is hungry. She tries to take money off her ATM card but is declined. After having a conversation with Minna Dyson Andi comes to the conclusion to play her music on the streets to make money so she can buy food. Later on page 122, a guy asks Andi if she wants to jam, to which she replied yes. They get a few more coins tossed in the case. After a little while, they split the money and head to a cafe together. On page 128 of Revolution, Andi meets Virgil, the â€Å"Hip-Hop master†. Andi, Virgil, and Jules starts playing music in the cafe. They're playing in the cafe to earn some food. Remy, the cafe owner, tells them to play sad songs because then people will drink more. It's just like the time when Alex and her family need a place to sleep, but instead Andi, and Virgil is playing for food. Andi goes to a party with Jules and Virgil, they pass through the catacombs to get to this party. The cops soon show up and everyone scatters. In the midst of running Andi trips and hits her head. When she wakes up she is now in the 1700s; the French Revolution to be exact. While she is in this time period she remembers what she read in Alex's journal entries. On her way a shop to get new guitar strings, she sees the tower that the Little Prince is being held. Without thinking, Andi starts to play for him. Malherbauro tries to get her to stop but she keeps playing louder. Soon guards show up, they tell Andi to stop playing and move along. When Andi doesn't respond or stop playing the guard hits Andi in the head with the butt of the gun. In Andi's journey through this time period, she experiences what Alex experienced. The French Revolution impacted many things; one being music. Music during the French Revolution had a greater purpose than today's music. However, today's music influence people in a way music should influence people. Alex and Andi both used their talents to their advantages to get what they need. Although the French Revolution changed human history and many other things, it brought upon the evolution of music. The French Revolution The French Revolution was an uprising in human history that changed the way of life for many. The poor became poorer, the people became mostly jobless, the cities became even more lifeless. Not only did the Revolution affected music in the 1700s but it still has an effect on modern day music. The Revolution had an impact on many things; one of the many things being music. The French Revolution was also an evolution for music. The leaders of the Revolution wanted to end the aristocracy; they soon realized music could influence people so they used music to achieve their goals. The purpose of music during the Revolution was to unite a group of people to take action. The music was used to get people to feel nationalism pride and rise against the aristocracy. The Revolution influenced a numerous amount of composers. The emotions the composers felt during this time period influenced the way music was produced. The churches were the main supporters of musicians. They relied on people that could compose, conduct, and play the organ. Because the church demanded this, people obtained a living by working for the church. Musicians could also gain patronage from an aristocrat as another way to earn a living. â€Å"Kapellmeister is someone who is a composer, conductor, a performer, and organizer†(Kingsnews). The wealthy families would often hire these people to write and perform small pieces of music for entertainment. When the Revolution took place the aristocrats lost their fortunes, loss of music centers resulted from small states being consumed by neighbors. Public concert halls raised from the change. People had more availability to music because of this rise. However, the public wasn't interested in heavy music. â€Å"The limits of music were not allowed to go beyond that of what was politically and socially acceptable to the old regime†(Kingsnews). The changes caused by the Revolution caused many people to lose their jobs which in turn unemployed many musicians. These changes affected many musicians because their music did not fit the popular trend of music. In the time of the French Revolution people often used their musical talents to get what they need. In the book, Revolution by Jennifer Donnelly on page 138 in the first paragraph gives an example of how music was used to people's advantages. Levesque, the inn-keeper, makes a deal with Alex's family; as long as they sing songs for his guests in the tap room he will give them a place to sleep. In the book, Revolution, on pages 114 and 115 Alex mentions that she, her father, and her uncle puts on puppet shows. She then says â€Å"We were all hungry, all thin, for the harvest was poor and the winter long.†(Revolution) Two paragraphs below Alex goes on â€Å"My mother wept. My brothers, all five of them, joined her.†(Revolution). Within this journal entry, Alex explains her family's means of collecting money. Alex also plays her guitar for the Little Prince. When the Little Prince is locked in the tower she plays loudly hoping he can hear her. In today's society, music no longer depends on the churches or patronage. The music style today varies from the style of music during the Revolution. Whereas classical composers made money during the Revolution, they would have a very difficult time earning money composing classical pieces. Another difference that stands out is the â€Å"performance and the ‘look' of the musician†(Kingsnews). During the French Revolution people listened and gave money because of the feelings that emit from the song. However, today's society buys music â€Å"based on the attractiveness of the musicians†(Kingsnews). Even though the evolution of music has changed dramatically people today still use music to tell a story, for entertainment, to influence one another. However, instead of using music to influence people to end aristocracy, music is produced to influence people to stand up for what they believe in. Modern music comes from the classical music that was created during the French Revolution. Modern musician uses the works of those who lived before them to inspire their own piece. Some musicians and their songs that were inspired by classical music are â€Å"Elvis Presley – I Can't Help Falling In Love With You ; It's Now Or Never, Queen – It's A Hard Life, Barry Manilow – Could It Be Magic, Lady Gaga – Alejandro ; Bad Romance, Beyonce – Schubert, and many more musicians†(ClassicFM). Throughout the book, Andi does some similar things that Alex did during the French Revolution. One of these things is her music. Alex played her music in the streets of Paris for money. However, Andi doesn't think of this at first. Andi stumbled upon this by accident. On page 96 in the book, Revolution, Andi is sitting on a bench when she hears a note from â€Å"Norwegian Wood†. She starts playing the song on her guitar, an old man drops a coin into her guitar case. On page 120 of Revolution, Andi is facing a problem; she is hungry. She tries to take money off her ATM card but is declined. After having a conversation with Minna Dyson Andi comes to the conclusion to play her music on the streets to make money so she can buy food. Later on page 122, a guy asks Andi if she wants to jam, to which she replied yes. They get a few more coins tossed in the case. After a little while, they split the money and head to a cafe together. On page 128 of Revolution, Andi meets Virgil, the â€Å"Hip-Hop master†. Andi, Virgil, and Jules starts playing music in the cafe. They're playing in the cafe to earn some food. Remy, the cafe owner, tells them to play sad songs because then people will drink more. It's just like the time when Alex and her family need a place to sleep, but instead Andi, and Virgil is playing for food. Andi goes to a party with Jules and Virgil, they pass through the catacombs to get to this party. The cops soon show up and everyone scatters. In the midst of running Andi trips and hits her head. When she wakes up she is now in the 1700s; the French Revolution to be exact. While she is in this time period she remembers what she read in Alex's journal entries. On her way a shop to get new guitar strings, she sees the tower that the Little Prince is being held. Without thinking, Andi starts to play for him. Malherbauro tries to get her to stop but she keeps playing louder. Soon guards show up, they tell Andi to stop playing and move along. When Andi doesn't respond or stop playing the guard hits Andi in the head with the butt of the gun. In Andi's journey through this time period, she experiences what Alex experienced. The French Revolution impacted many things; one being music. Music during the French Revolution had a greater purpose than today's music. However, today's music influence people in a way music should influence people. Alex and Andi both used their talents to their advantages to get what they need. Although the French Revolution changed human history and many other things, it brought upon the evolution of music.